Juvenile Justice and Rehabilitation - 2500 Words

Juvenile Justice and Rehabilitation When discussing rehabilitation or punishment for juvenile delinquents, I believe there should be rehabilitation over punishment. Granted there are numerous cases that completely warrant punishment, but punishment isn’t always the answer. Adults are usually given second, third and fourth chances to change their lives. And sometimes rehabilitation isn’t involved. I believe since adolescents still have plenty of time to get counseling or learn about themselves and why they acted the way they did, there is always an opportunity for them to change. Adolescents don’t have the same thought process as adults. They tend to react emotionally, so if their emotions are flying high, adolescents aren’t always able†¦show more content†¦Of course if probation is handed down by a judge, it should really fit the crime. In the end with the evidence presented and the background or history of the offender being a factor, it’s still the judge that makes the fina l decision. There are many cases though where the offender receiving just probation doesn’t fit the crime. Such as the case of the state vs. Ethan Couch. He killed four people while driving under the influence and only received 10 years probation. His defense claimed the teen suffered from â€Å"affluenza† and the judge called the teen a victim in need of treatment (CNN.com, 2013). Many debates and petitions have already started circulating about getting the verdict overturned and even having the judge removed from the bench. The general public knows and had voiced that if this teen was from a middle class or poor family, he would have been sent directly to jail. But with these courtroom ‘players’, this is an example of a judge and a defense lawyer believing rehabilitation and counseling will help a teen turn his life around. As long as the juvenile follows the conditions that were handed down to them, and does not commit any other crimes, then they will e ventually be taken off probation. In that case it’s all up to the juvenile to change their ways. Many say this is the best method for rehabilitation, especially if the juvenile checks in their probation officer or counselors when they are supposed to. Some believe rehabilitation isShow MoreRelatedCjs 240 Intro to Juvenile Justice the Juvenile Justice Systems Need to Focus on Rehabilitation1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System’s Need to Focus on Rehabilitation The Juvenile Justice System’s Need to Focus on Rehabilitation Amanda R. Molnar Axia College of the University of Phoenix The Juvenile Justice System Needs to Focus on Rehabilitation The juvenile justice system has long been in debate over whether its focus should be rehabilitation or punishment. From its birth in the early 20th century, the juvenile justice system has changed its focus from punishment to rehabilitation and backRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System And Rehabilitation And Reforming Youth Into Law Abiding Citizens Essay2350 Words   |  10 PagesFor Youth Justice (2012), â€Å"On any given day, approximately 2,700 young people are locked up in adult prisons† (p. 4). This is hard to understand, because the United States has a juvenile justice system that is centered on rehabilitation and reforming youth into law-abiding citizens. Campaign For Youth Justice (2012) also claimed, â€Å"On any given night in America, 10,000 children are held in adults jails and prisons† (p. 3). Currently, all states participate in serving justice to juveniles even thoughRead MoreThe Youth Through Prevention And Detection, Rehabilitation, And Establishing A Future For Juvenile Justice System Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Juveniles navigate through a corrections system that is constantly changing. This research paper is dedicated to those that work with the youth through prevention and detection, rehabilitation, and establishing a future for juvenile justice. I will be focusing on what causes youth to become involved in the juvenile justice system, how we can help them get back on track and how to keep them moving forward in the right direction. In addition, the rehabilitation of the juveniles is fundamentalRead MoreJunenile Justice System Should Focus on Rehabilitation Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Justice System Should Focus on Rehabilitation University of Phoenix Juvenile Justice System Should Focus on Rehabilitation Rehabilitation over Punishment, why one is better or more effective than the other, in order to answer this questions one must understand what each means. Punishment is a consequence of doing something that is unacceptable, it is meant to be unpleasant, the problem with punishment is it does nothing to address the social or mental processes that maybe contributingRead MoreJuvenile Punishment And Its Effects On Society1708 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of a juvenile. Many people give up on juveniles right away. Once we give up on the juveniles then they give up on themselves. They need a hand that can help them not a hand that reprimands a mistake. Children deserve thousands of chances until they see how truly amazing they are. Some people need to fall before they fly, but when they fly it is beautiful. A juvenile who has committed drug related crimes deserves a chance given by rehabilitation rather than punishment. While rehabilitation helpsRead MoreJuvenile Crime Has Become More Valuable Members Of Society?938 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent decades, juvenile crime has become somewhat of a controversy due to the young age and immaturity of these criminals. Incidences of juvenile crime skyrocketed in the 1980s and 1990s, and policymakers pushed for laws that sent children as young as thirteen years old to trial, and even made them eligible for prison sentences. The general public has expressed a common desire to reduce the incidence of juvenile crime and find effective legislation to discipline these youths, but there are questionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Social Of African American Juveniles1487 Words   |  6 PagesDisciplinary changes applied to the juvenile justice system in addition to negative impressions of juvenile males have caused juvenile male incarceration rates to surge. African American male juveniles encounter racial differences in society everyday due to view that media portrays them to be. Racial bias amongst thes e juvenile African American males is the principal cause of their incarceration rates climbing higher each year. The lives of these juveniles are seriously altered after being incarceratedRead MoreEssay on Adult Justice System vs. Juvenile Justice System1145 Words   |  5 PagesAdult Justice System vs. Juvenile Justice System Versus CJ150: Juvenile Delinquency Josh Skaggs There are many similarities and differences between the adult and juvenile justice systems. Although juvenile crimes have increased in violence and intensity in the last decade, there is still enough difference between the two legal proceedings, and the behaviors themselves, to keep the systems separated. There is room for changes in each structure. However, we cannot treat/punish juvenileRead MoreBad Kids Race And The Transformation Of Juvenile Court1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn Bad Kids Race and the Transformation of Juvenile Court, Barry Feld provides a history as well as possible solutions to the problems that currently have a grapple hold on our juvenile justice system. Barry Feld is one of the nations most respected scholars of juvenile justice and currently teaches the subject, amongst other things, at the University of Minnesota. Feld himself graduated from law school at the University of Minnesota and later received his Ph.D. in sociology from Harvard. This book’sRead MoreJuvenile Rehabilitation: Adult Prison vs. Juvenile Incarceration1703 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Rehabilitation: Adult Prisons vs. Juvenile Incarceration Maureen Fries-Labra English 122 Anna Hopson December 14, 2009 Juvenile Rehabilitation: Adult Prisons vs. Juvenile Incarceration The criminal justice system has a branch for juvenile offenders. Established in the early twentieth century; it is the responsibility of this division to decide the fates of youthful offenders. This is administered by family court with support of social workers and family. With the increased number

Alternative Energy Sources - 894 Words

Alternative Energy Sources â€Å"In United States around half of million deaths each year are attributed to air pollution. It is estimated that air pollution each day kills three people in the city of Hong Kong. Air pollution also contributes to soil and water pollution. More than 15,000 people in the world die each day because of water pollution† (pollutionfacts.com). With these statistics, it is no wonder people are coming up with alternative energy sources. From energy to gasoline, there are many different ways to reduce these statistics. Some alternatives to energy sources are solar and wind power, alternative vehicle fuels and hybrid cars. Photovoltaic solar electricity, or more commonly known as solar power, is an alternative energy†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"There is considerable interest in electric and hybrid cars because of environmental and climate change concerns, tougher fuel efficiency standards, and increasing dependence on imported oil† (Deal). Hybrid and electric cars are a way to reduce our carbon footprint. Many vehicle manufacturers are beginning to jump into the hybrid car craze. Some of the most popular hybrid cars are the Toyota Prius, Honda Insight and Ford Fusion. There is also the electric car that relies solely on electricity to get from point A to point B. the downside to these cars however is that they only get about 100 miles before needing to be recharged. Hybrids are different because they rely on a mixture of two sources, electricity and gasoline. Hybrids can get further than electric cars because of this reason. Electric and hybrid cars have a special braking system called regenerative braking. Regenerative braking causes the car to recharge the battery whenever the car is coasting or completely stopped. this helps maintain the car’s battery life. Charging these batteries can take a while, some even take more than eight hours! While the popularity of hybrids and electric vehicles are on the rise, many people still drive a good- old fashioned gasoline car. Whereas driving a normal car will not be as environmentally friendly as the hybrid of electrics,Show MoreRelatedAlternative Sources Of Alternative Energy Sources1123 Words   |  5 PagesRough Draft: Alternative Energy Sources Imagine a world where sea levels have risen, a world where extreme weather happens more often and with more intensity, and a world that has very few species of animals left due to mass extinctions. (Environmental Protection Agency) But that future is still avoidable. The answer is renewable energy sources. Alternative energy sources are sources of energy that does not use fossil fuels, and generally are clean and renewable. (Jessa) Some examples include solarRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Alternative Energy Sources1704 Words   |  7 PagesAlternative Energy Sources Air pollution, resulting from the burning of fossil fuels, amounts for about 7 million deaths each year. On average, 1 in 8 deaths are caused by some type of air pollution. Fossil fuels are burned every day to keep the world functioning but are accompanied by tremendous amounts of pollution. The world needs energy sources that are as effective as fossil fuels but that come with less harmful pollutants than fossil fuels do. An effort must be made to pull away fromRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Alternative Energy Sources2141 Words   |  9 PagesWhat are alternative energy sources? Alternative energy sources are forms of energy that use natural resources to produce energy. There are three main alternative energy sources that can be used in the place of fossil fuels, which are Nuclear, Solar, Wind, and Hydroelectric. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas are decreasing and eventually will run out. Usage of fossil fuels cause harm to the environment by producing greenhouse gasses. Alternative energy sources are not harmful to the environmentRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Alternative Energy Sources2142 Words   |  9 PagesWhat are alternative energy sources ? Alternative energy sources are forms of energy that use natural resources to produce energy. There are three main alternative energy sources that can be used in the place of fossil fuels, which are Nuclear, Solar, Wind, and Hydroelectric. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas are decreasing and eventually will run out. Usage of fossil fuels cause harm to the environment by producing greenhouse gasses. Alternative energy sources are not harmful to the environmentRead MoreSources Of Alternative Energy Sources926 Words   |  4 PagesAlternate Energy Sources Alternative energy sources are becoming more and more popular. The most important alternative energy sources are solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, ocean, and hydropower energies. Their main advantage lies in the resumption of energy resources. This paper will give information about each of sources as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Solar energy The Sun is a leading environmentally clean energy source. The process of generating electricity from sunlight has beenRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Alternative Energy3097 Words   |  13 Pages Alternative Energy by Gage R. Shots University of Southern Indiana Global Economic Issues 241 Section 003 Prof. Daria Sevastianova Due December 8, 2014 Alternative Energy Alternative energy is imperative to the continuation and advancement of the world. There will come a time where the unsustainable resources we use to power every aspect of our lives will cease to exist, or become uneconomical. In the same way, the pollutants given off by using these energy materials are believedRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources For Renewable Energy1710 Words   |  7 Pagesconcern for our environment, alternative energy has become a source of energy that is an alternative to the problem that these fossil fuels have caused our Earth. Alternative energy are renewable and is considered to be free energy sources (Alternative Energy). All alternative energy sources have lower carbon emissions when being compared to conventional energy sources. These sources include Biomass Energy, Wind, Solar, Geothermal, and Hydroelectric Energy (Alternative Energy). With the use of recyclingRead MoreNew And Alternative Sources Of Energy1311 Words   |  6 Pages Today s society uses enormous amounts of energy. *The shadow of our presence on this planet is a result of generations upon generations of production and utilization of energy*. New and alternative sources of energy are being developed to replace the declining accessibility of coal and fossil fuels. Use of renewable energy is a key component in combatting the climate change that has become a major issue in the 21st century. Reducing our impact on the climate as a result of greenhouse gas emissionsRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources For Renewable Energy1466 Words   |  6 Pagesseeking new forms of energy that will provide clean energy and also preserve Earth s lifespan. The use of renewable and non-renewable resources has been a major controversy throughout history; renewable energy such as wind power has been the main focus of this issue. Many would believe wind energy is the best renewable power source because it is the cleanest and most efficient, whereas, others view wind ene rgy as a time bomb that will soon destroy the planet. Alternative energy sources should replaceRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources : The Nonrenewable Energy1791 Words   |  8 PagesAlternative Energy Sources Telescope to Microscope Sheldon Fogle Gwynedd Mercy University Abstract The term nonrenewable energy is pretty self-exclamatory. This can bring us a huge problem in the future .The demand for energy is more popular than ever, while the sources for energy are quickly vanishing. The earth is filled with numerous renewable resources such as wind, nuclear, hydroelectric, and solar energy that can eventually solve the problem. The following will list the advantages

Cultural Analysis For Business in Country- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCultural Analysis For Business in Country. Answer: Culture can be defined as the set of learned behaviors as well as beliefs that mainly characterizes a group of people or a society. Anthropologists mainly divide culture in three different levels like the international culture, national culture as well as subculture. However, another sublevel of culture has high significance in every corporate and professional business environment. This is called the corporate culture (Jiang, Gollan and Brooks 2017). This is mainly seen to refer to the different beliefs as well as behaviors that participate in determining the procedures about how employees and management interact in the office environment and handle outside business transactions. Researchers are of the opinion that corporate culture gradually develops organically over time from the variety of the cumulative traits of the people hired by the company (Kwek and Lee 2015). This assignment will help to show how Mary (the individual in the case study) will utilize the Hofstede analysis and will learn about the corporate culture of Chinese firms so that she can conduct effective business. In order to conduct effective business, Mary, who is acquainted with the Australian culture of business and management, needs to develop cultural knowledge about the different attributes of corporate culture in China. She needs to take the help of Hofstede theory by which she can develop good amount of knowledge of the culture of business in Mr. Laus organization and engage into effective partnership. The first important component that an individual should first focus is the power distance. This can be defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of the institutions and organizations within a particular nation expect as well as accept the fact that power is distributed unequally. Australia has a very low score of power distance like 36 which signifies that the leaders of Australian organizations encourage development of hierarchy for convenience where the seniors are always accessible and approachable. Managers have huge dependency on the subordinates and both the stakeholders engage in transparent conversations where information is shared and consulted frequently and actively (Manrai et al. 2018). Here, communication is found to be direct, participative as well as informal. China, in this attribute score about 80 where the society believes that inequalities are acceptable in people and subordinates do not aspire beyond their rank. The relationship between the leaders and followers are polarized and subordinates are influenced by formal authority and are accepting of the fact (Hong et al. 2018). While working with the new people in the Chinese organization, she should be respectable of the relationships shared by the seniors and juniors regarding power distance and should not try to be over friendly or too informal with staffs. This may not be liked by the organization. She should maintain a power distance with the subordinates so that the workers do not suffer from cultural shock and get confused or perceive her in negative ways. The second important fact is individualism. This dimension mainly explains the degree of interdependence that a society is observed to maintain among the members. In societies which are individualist, the professionals are mainly seen to be looking after their own self or their families. However, in the collectivist society, people are seen to be belonging to group systems where individuals take care of each other in exchange of loyalty. Australians are found to be quite high in this attribute scoring a total around 90. In this corporate culture, employees are expected to be self-reliant and display initiative. Hiring is entirely based on merit and evidence about how one performs or the qualities he has. However, the score of china in this attribute is quite low for about 20 where people act for the interest of the groups (Alexander, Thompson and Murray 2017). Relationships are seen to be cooperative for the in-groups but they display hostile behavior with the out groups. Personal re lationships are given importance over task as well as company (Armstrong et al. 2017). For example, while Mary will be conducting the cross-cultural business, she should try to understand the culture, promote, and respect group working providing importance and sharing information with the whole, group rather than taking an individualistic approach. The next attribute is the masculinity attribute. This attribute mainly refers to the focus developed by the corporate culture that mainly tends to motivate people in two ways wanting to be the winner and develop as the best called the masculinity and liking what the employees do that is called the feminine trait. On the level of masculinity attribute, a high level of score is seen to indicate an interesting feature. This states that society is driven by the achievement, competition as well as success. Here the term success mainly means being the best or the winner in the field. A low score on this attribute means high on femininity where the main dominant and guiding values of the society is quite different. This is seen to involve caring for the others and maintaining a high quality life (Hung and Rundle-Thile 2014). Australia is seen to score 60 on Masculinity that states that they are proud of their success and achievements in life. China is also seen to have a value of 66 that s tates that Chinese corporate culture is also driven by success where they are even ready to sacrifice their family and leisure. Therefore, this attribute should be kept in mind and therefore, Mary would develop a working culture that should be competitive and gives scopes to the workers to show their skills. Another important attribute is called the uncertainty avoidance which mainly describes the extent to which members of any organization or a culture can be exposed to the feeling of being threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and thereby beliefs on institutions which try to avoid this (Choudhary, Kumar and Phillip 2016). The nation of Australia scores a moderate rank of about 51 which provides them a scope to prepare themselves for future uncertainties but may not be very well adapted and through about the procedures for uncertainty avoidance. The score of the Chinese nation is quite low for about 30. They are quite comfortable with ambiguity and there adherence to laws and rules unlike the westerners are quite flexible to suit with the actual situation and pragmatism. Another important aspect of this analysis is the long-term orientation. This dimension mainly helps to describe how each and every society are successful in maintaining some links with their own past so that they can properly deal with the challenges of the present and even the future. Researchers are of the opinion that corporate societies that tend to score low in this attribute mainly prefer the maintenance of the time-honored traditions and norms while viewing societal change with suspicion (Sharma et al. 2017). Those who score high on this attribute are mainly seen to take a more pragmatic approach where they encourage different types of thrifts as well as efforts in the modern education to reflect a way of preparing oneself for the future. People of the Australian origin are more normative in thinking procedures as the nation scores 21 in this attribute. They tend to be exhibiting strong respect and support for traditions and shows small propensity for saving for the future (Vo gel et al. 2015). They focus on achieving quick results. On the other hand, china is seen to score about 87 in this attribute that makes it evident that the nation is a believer of pragmatic orientation where people are shown to adapt to the traditions easily to changed situations. They can adopt quite easily and are believers of saving and investment, thriftiness and shows perseverance in achievements of the results (Mar et al. 2015). Therefore, Mary should not focus on traditions much, should provide them scope to adapt themselves with the situations, and should not force them to achieve results, as they believe in perseverance for providing the best outcomes. The next attribute is called the indulgence. This attribute mainly describes the extent to which people are seen to try their best for controlling the desires as well as the impulses depending upon which the individuals were raised. Usually, the strong control is called indulgence and strong control is called restraints. Australia is seen to have a high score for about 71 and is therefore seen to be indulgent is nature. They are generally seen to be exhibiting a willingness to realize the various types of impulses as well as desires in regards with that of enjoying lives and having fun (Lo et al. 2017). They are seen to display a very positive attitude as well as also having a tendency towards optimism. They are also seen to provide much importance on leisure activities and thereby act as they please and spend money as they wish. On the other hand, china is seen to score for about 24 that show that they are not much aligned to leisure activities. They are more restrained where they f eel that are bound by social norms and feels that indulging them in other co curricular activities would be wrong. They are also seen to control gratification of their desires (Wang et al. 2017). Therefore, when Mary would be deciding the working styles or would be coming into partnership with this organization she should be not considering any activities for leisure or would not need to consider about engaging them in any activities for leisure. The Chinese people are more restrained. They may not like this gesture shown by Mary. From the above discussion, Mary can successfully develop ideas about the differences and variations of the corporate culture she needs to consider when coming into partnership or in any cross-cultural business deals with the Chinese organization of Mr.Lau. She should consider the six important attributes like power distance, uncertainty avoidance, indulgence, masculinity, individualism and long-term orientation between the two nations. These would help her in ensuring cultural sensitivity while interacting with the people from other culture and would put away situations of cultural shock. This would ensure success of her business plans. References: Alexander, R., Thompson, N. and Murray, D., 2017. Towards cultural translation of websites: a large-scale study of Australian, Chinese, and Saudi Arabian design preferences.Behaviour Information Technology,36(4), pp.351-363. Armstrong, A.F., Francis, R.D. and Grow, H.S., 2017. Ethical issues in the employment of expatriate leaders in corporations.Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, p.95. Choudhary, N., Kumar, R. and Philip, P.J., 2016. Effects of transformational leadership on follower's organizational citizenship behavior: The moderating role of culture.Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management,9(7), pp.23-35. Hong, J., Hou, B., Zhu, K. and Marinova, D., 2018. Exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation and employee creativity: The moderation of collectivism in Chinese context.Chinese Management Studies. Huang, Y.T. and Rundle-Thiele, S., 2014. The moderating effect of cultural congruence on the internal marketing practice and employee satisfaction relationship: An empirical examination of Australian and Taiwanese born tourism employees.Tourism Management,42, pp.196-206. Jiang, Z., Gollan, P.J. and Brooks, G., 2017. Relationships between organizational justice, organizational trust and organizational commitment: a cross-cultural study of China, South Korea and Australia.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,28(7), pp.973-1004. Kwek, A. and Lee, Y.S., 2015. How face matters: Chinese corporate tourists in Australia.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,32(1-2), pp.120-140. Lo, K.D., Waters, R.D. and Christensen, N., 2017. Assessing the applicability of Hofstedes cultural dimensions for Global 500 corporations Facebook profiles and content.Journal of Communication Management,21(1), pp.51-67. Manrai, L.A., Manrai, A.K., Lascu, D. and Friedeborn, S., 2018. Determinants and Effects of Cultural Context: A Review, Conceptual Model, and Propositions.Journal of Global Marketing, pp.1-16. Mar Miras?Rodrguez, M., Carrasco?Gallego, A. and Escobar?Prez, B., 2015. Are socially responsible behaviors paid off equally? A Cross?cultural analysis.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,22(4), pp.237-256. Sharma, N., Boyle, B., Mitchell, R., Malik, A., Gray, S. and OMahony, B., 2017. Leveraging the common and outsourcing the distinct: institutional difference and multinational company identity in emerging economies.Social Identities, pp.1-18. Vogel, R.M., Mitchell, M.S., Tepper, B.J., Restubog, S.L., Hu, C., Hua, W. and Huang, J.C., 2015. A cross?cultural examination of subordinates' perceptions of and reactions to abusive supervision.Journal of Organizational Behavior,36(5), pp.720-745. Wang, R., Chan, D.K.S., Goh, Y.W., Penfold, M., Harper, T. and Weltewitz, T., 2017. Humor and workplace stress: a longitudinal comparison between Australian and Chinese employees.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources.

Tito Puente Essays - Salsa, Latin American Music, Tito Puente

Tito Puente By virtue of his warm, flamboyant stage manner, longevity, constant touring, and appearances in the mass media, Tito Puente is probably the most beloved symbol of Latin jazz. But more than that, Puente managed to keep his music remarkably fresh over the decades; as a timbales virtuoso, he combined mastery over every rhythmic nuance with old-fashioned showmanship watching his eyes bug out when taking a dynamic solo was one of the great treats for Latin jazz fans. A trained musician, he was also a fine, lyrical vibraphonist, a gifted arranger, and played piano, congas, bongos and saxophone. His appeal continues to cut across all ages and ethnic groups, helped no doubt by Santana's best-selling cover versions of Oye Como Va and Para Los Rumberos in 1970-71, and cameo appearances on The Cosby Show in the 1980s and the film The Mambo Kings in 1992. His brand of classic salsa is generally free of dark undercurrents, radiating a joyous, compulsively danceable party atmosphere. Rooted in Sp anish Harlem, of Puerto Rican descent, Puente originally intended to become a dancer but a torn ankle tendon suffered in an accident scotched those ambitions. At age 13, he began working in Ramon Olivero's big band as a drummer, and later he studied composing, orchestration and piano at Juilliard and the New York School Of Music. More importantly, he played with and absorbed the influence of Machito, who was successfully fusing Latin rhythms with progressive jazz. Forming the nine-piece Piccadilly Boys in 1947 and then expanding it to a full orchestra two years later, Puente recorded for Secco, Tico and eventually RCA Victor, helping to fuel the mambo craze that gave him the unofficial and ultimately lifelong - title King Of the Mambo, or just El Rey. Puente also helped popularize the cha-cha-cha during the 1950s, and he was the only non-Cuban who was invited to a government-sponsored 50 Years Of Cuban Music celebration in Cuba in 1952. Among the major-league congueros who played w ith the Puente band in the `50s were Mongo Santamaria, Willie Bobo, Johnny Pacheco and Ray Barretto, which resulted in some explosive percussion shootouts. Not one to paint himself into a tight Latin music corner, Puente's range extended to big band jazz (Puente Goes Jazz), and in the `60s, bossa nova tunes, Broadway hits, boogaloos, and pop music, although in later years he tended to stick with older Latin jazz styles that became popularly known as salsa. In 1982, he started reeling off a string of several Latin jazz albums with octets or big bands for Concord Picante that gave him greater exposure and respect in the jazz world than he ever had. An indefatigable visitor to the recording studios, Puente recorded his 100th album The Mambo King in 1991 amidst much ceremony and affection (an all-star Latin music concert at Los Angeles' Universal Amphitheater in March 1992 commemorated the milestone), and he kept adding more titles to the tally throughout the `90s. He also appeared as a guest on innumerable albums over the years, and such jazz stars as Phil Woods, George Shearing, James Moody, Dave Valentin and Terry Gibbs played on Puente's own later albums. Just months after accepting his fifth Grammy award, he died on June 1, 2000. Several months later, Puente was recognized at the first annual Latin Grammy Awards, winning for Best Traditional Tropical Performance for Mambo Birdland Music Essays